The early 1990s were marked by the successive deaths of Alfred Sauvy (1990), Jean Bourgeois-Pichat and Louis Henry (1991), and the arrival of a third generation of researchers at the helm of the Institute and its research units. These hailed from Ecole Polytechnique, ENSAE, IDUP, the Paris Institute of Demography, Ecole Normale, as well as universities and medical schools. There was a gradual increase in the intake of women and the workforce is now equally distributed. Since 1990, recruitment to INED as a tenured researcher has been restricted to PhD holders selected by competitive examination.
With the collapse of the iron curtain and the opening up of Eastern Europe, the construction of the European Union, the advent of new public health problems, the economic growth of certain developing countries and the rapid ageing of the population in developed countries, a new set of demographic challenges emerged. Between 1992 and 1999, INED had two directors, Jacques Magaud from 1992 to 1995, followed by Patrick Festy from 1995 to 1999. During those years INED acquired a new logo (1994) and went online (1991), thus entering the era of information and communication technologies. In 1998, INED moved to 133 boulevard Davout in the 20th arrondissement of Paris, where it hosts the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP).
François Héran was appointed director of INED in 1999 and remained in office until 2009. During that time the Institute consolidated its image, acquired new resources, reinforced the structure of its units and expanded its research projects. Chantal Cases has been the director of INED since October 2009.