The French National Institute for Demographic Studies (Institut national d'études démographiques, INED) studies the populations of the world and of regions or countries -in particular Europe and France- using the tools of demography in association with those of other disciplines such as history, geography, sociology, anthropology, economics, biology and epidemiology. It conducts researches on universal phenomena such as births, unions, migrations and mortality, and its researchers work in a wide variety of fields, ranging from contraception and abortion to migration trends, marginal populations, life expectancy and so on.