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About INED
The French Institute for Demographic Studies or INED, is a public research institute specialized in population studies that works in partnership with the academic and research communities at national and international levels.
- Who we are
  INED was founded in 1945, and in 1986 it acquired the status of an Etablissement Public à Caractère Scientifique et Technologique (EPST), meaning that it is under joint administrative supervision of the ministries of research and social affairs. The Institute’s missions are to study the populations of France and other countries, to ensure wide dissemination of the knowledge thereby acquired, and to provide training in research through research. INED’s approach to demography is resolutely open and interdisciplinary, implicating a wide range of disciplines including economics, history, geography, sociology, anthropology, biology and epidemiology. With its 11 research units, the Institute promotes communication and exchange within the scientific community and between researchers and the general public while conducting numerous European and international research projects.
  - Our history
  - Our remit
    In 1986, INED became one of France’s eight public scientific and technical institutions (EPST), alongside CNRS, INSERM, INRA and the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement). The Institute’s overall missions are to study all aspects of population, to provide training in and through research, to keep the government, public authorities and general public informed about demographic questions and to disseminate French demographic research internationally.
    Missions and activities
    Research Evaluation
  - INED organization
    Nearly 250 people, including 50 tenured, or permanent, researchers and more than 40 doctoral students, work at INED; there are also 40 associate researchers. The Institute has 10 research units and 5 research support services, including the Statistical Methods and Surveys departments
    Organization Chart
    Data protection
    Authorized signatories
    Scientific Integrity Referent
    Governing bodies
    INED has several governing bodies: the Scientific Council, the Board of Administration, the Evaluation Committee and more recently the Ethics Committee
    Board of Administration
    Evaluation Committee
    Ethics Committee
    Scientific Council
  - 2016 Key Figures
  - Reference Documents
- Partnerships and Strategy
  With its strong interdisciplinarity and its status as a reference in demography, INED is an active contributor to the development of French research.
  The Institute is one of the driving forces of major current research projects, such as the Campus Condorcet, which is transforming the landscape of the humanities and social sciences in the Paris region. And with its leading role in the iPOPs research programme (Individuals, Population, Societies), awarded the status of Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) by the state, the Institute has been able to put population questions at the centre of France’s “Investments for the Future” national research funding programme.
  As a member of the new scientific cooperation networks, INED is consolidating its long-standing ties iwith universities, grandes écoles and other research institutes.
- International Policy
  One distinguishing characteristic of INED is its ability to conduct research studies that cover not just France but a large part of the world. The international scope of the Institute may be seen in its many partnerships with institutions abroad and its active role in the world scientific community.
  - International cooperation
    INED researchers have a long tradition of collaboration with their counterparts throughout the world. To facilitate scientific cooperation, the Institute has established numerous partnerships and is involved in all the international population research networks; it also supports the mobility of its doctoral students and researchers.
    International partnership agreements
    Academic and scientific networks
    Support for mobility
  - European research
    INED is an actor in European research policy. The Institute is active in many projects funded by the European Union and in the main initiatives that unite the community of European demographers.
    The European Union Framework Programme for Research
    The European Doctoral School of Demography
    Population Europe
    The Generations and Gender Survey programme
- Campus Condorcet
- Joining Ined
  More than 240 people, including around 100 researchers, work at INED.
  In terms of workforce and the extent and diversity of research studies, INED is one of the main national demographic institutes in Europe.
  Because INED is a public organization, its staff and permanent researchers are civil servants hired on the basis of competitive examinations that range from vocational certificate to doctoral level. The Institute employs approximately 150 permanent “agents,” around 50 of whom are researchers.
  It also hires on a task- or limited-term contract-basis in extremely diverse areas.
  - Current vacancies
  - By competitive examination
    INED recruits researchers, engineers and technicians by way of official competitive examinations. On this page you can find the latest examination announcements, descriptions of currently available positions and information on submitting an application.
    Researchers competitions
    Engineers and technicians, external exams
    Engineers and technicians, internal exams
  - Speculative applications
    Use this section to submit a speculative application for a job or internship at INED.
    For a job
    For an internship
  - Research careers
  - Administrative and technical careers
Latest News
Research
INED is currently engaged in over 70 multi-annual research projects. Its 10 research teams bring together over 150 researchers, including about 50 permanent staff and more than 40 associate researchers. The research teams host PhD and post-doctoral students and train them in research through the practice of research. For some projects, INED designs its own surveys—one of its specificities. The Institute also makes the data collected available to the scientific community at large.
- Research teams
- People
- Research projects
- PhD students
  INED is placing increasing emphasis on training in research through the practice of research. Every year the Institute hosts PhD students from France and abroad selected on an application basis. Students work under researcher supervision and depending on their thesis topic, they join one or two research teams. In 2014, around 40 PhD students are benefiting from INED work resources and its stimulating environment.
- post-docs
  INED also offers one- or two-year post-doctoral contracts to young French or foreign researchers. Recipients are selected on the basis of their competence, the quality and originality of their research project, and its relevance to INED research areas.
  - Hosting post-docs
  - Call for applications
- Surveys
  INED designs and carries out its own surveys. The data thus collected are accessible to the entire scientific community. The Institute has its own survey office, which defines sampling methods, assists in designing questionnaires and drawing up data collection protocols, and adjusts statistical samples. It is also in charge of making anonymized data available to others. INED’s survey catalogue and a description of the projects in progress may be consulted on line.
Resources, Methods
INED makes a vast body of resources on population available to website users, including the INED library, open to all and accessible on line; and presentations of statistical analysis and survey methods.
- Library portal
- Statistical Methodology
  Research relies on a wide range of statistical analysis methods to process survey data and to describe and model demographic events and phenomena on the basis of that data. Alongside classic methods such as data analysis and logistic regression, several other methods have come to the fore in the last 30 years.
  - Event history analysis
  - Multilevel analysis
  - Sequence analysis
  - Resources and seminars
    Seminars on research methodology and practices in France and abroad, articles on method use, and extensive reference lists are just some of the statistics-related resources available
    StatApp
    RUSS Seminars
- Survey Methodology
  Each survey is specific but all surveys include a number of requisite steps and phases. Important factors to be taken into account from the outset include survey protocol, sampling frame, budget, regulations, questionnaire testing, data file compilation, and quality assessment. INED’s Surveys Department handles most of the data collection procedures involved in INED research projects. It may assist with data production throughout the process or provide help on particular survey phases only.
  - Procedures
  - Methodological choices
    Every INED survey is designed to investigate a particular research question or set of questions. INED surveys are “custom-made” and in many cases highly innovative. Methodological choices are therefore a key phase of the research. The time required to prepare the survey, design questions, conduct and assess pilot surveys and, later, to evaluate the quality of the data collected must not be underestimated.
    Qualitative and quantitative surveys
    Data collection modes
    Questionnaire design and testing
    Interviewer training and data collection management
    Data capture, coding and cleansing, documentation
  - Statistical aspects
  - Achieving quality
  - Dissemination of findings
Publications
All about population
A tour of the globe to explore its population.
Use this section to:
- compare demographic indicators for different countries;
- help prepare for a class or an oral presentation;
- find simple answers to your questions;
- reflect on complex issues;
- learn the basics of demography;
- extend your knowledge through play...
- Data
  All about population in Figures: tables on the French and world population and access to several online databases.
  - France
    The latest data on the population of metropolitan France (structure and trends) are given in a series of tables. They are based on data published regularly by INSEE and on INED estimates and projections. More complete datasets dating back to earlier years can also be downloaded in CSV format.
    Evolution of population
    The tables for “All of France” bring together data for metropolitan France and the four overseas départements (DOMs). These figures do not include Mayotte, which became the fifth DOM on 31 March 2011, or the overseas territories and collectivities (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Saint Barthélémy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna). INSEE includes the DOMs in its annual demographic overview and in most of the tables in its detailed annual study of the demographic situation in France.
    Total population
    Demography of overseas départements
    Projections
    Population structure
    The population of France by sex and age is estimated by INSEE each year. A provisional estimate is first issued and final figures are published at a later date. Censuses are conducted in certain years to enumerate the population. The population estimates are adjusted on the basis of census data, for the whole of France and for the different départements and regions.
    Population Pyramid
    Population by sex and age on January 1st
    Population by age
    Centenarians
    Population by region and department
    Municipalities
    Population change
    The population changes from one year to the next. Natural change is the difference between births and deaths, and can be determined precisely from vital records. Net migration is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants. It is estimated on the basis of available statistics. Adjustments are sometimes made to establish overall consistency between census population figures and inter-census estimates of population change. To estimate its relative scale, population change is often expressed in relation to the mean population of a given year. Rates of birth, death, natural increase and total variation are obtained in this way.
    Births, deaths, migrations
    Fertility rates, mortality rates, natural increase
    Births, fertility
    Registered births are recorded in statistical bulletins which provide a rich source of information. Births are counted on the basis of many different characteristics: parents’ marital status and nationality, sex of the child, twin births, etc. Information on the mother’s age is used to calculate annual fertility indicators, such as the total fertility rate expressed as a total number of children per woman. Completed cohort fertility is also calculated every year. For example, women born in 1970 were 34 years old in 2004. We know how many children they have had before age 34 and we can estimate how many children they will have during their reproductive life.
    Total births by sex
    Births outside marriage
    Births by parents’ place of birth
    Multiple births
    Changes in fertility
    Mean age at maternity
    Cohort fertility
    Abortion, contraception
    Fertility can be controlled by means of contraception and induced abortion. Information on contraceptive practice in France is obtained through surveys conducted regularly by INED since 1978 among the entire female population. The number of induced abortions is estimated on the basis of abortion notifications and hospital statistics. INED is responsible for publication of abortion statistics.
    Abortions
    Contraception
    Marriages, divorces, Civil Unions (Pacs)
    Marriage registers provide a rich source of information on marriage practices: number of marriages, previous marital status and nationality of spouses, etc. Statistics on divorces and civil unions (PACS) are supplied by the Ministry of Justice.
    Marriage and nuptiality
    First Marriages and Remarriages
    Cohort nuptiality
    Mixed marriages
    Divorces
    Civil unions (PACS)
    Couples, households, families
    The first task in a population census is to enumerate dwellings. Persons living in the same dwelling form a household, so each household comprises all the persons living in a single dwelling. According to the census definitions, a household may comprise one or more families. A family is a group of persons comprising a couple with no children, a couple with children, or one adult and his/her children.
    Couples
    Household size
    Household structure
    Structure of families with child(ren)
    Number of child(ren) in the family
    Children of families
    Deaths, causes of mortality
    Death registers provide a means to measure variations in mortality. Deaths by sex and age are used to construct life tables which give life expectancy at birth, i.e. the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. The mortality of children under the age of one year is also specifically calculated. When a person dies, a doctor records the cause of death on a death certificate which is sent to INSERM where all causes of death are coded.
    Life expectancy
    Life table
    Total deaths by sex
    Mortality rates by sex and age
    Causes of death
    Infant mortality
    Immigration flows
    On this page INED presents an overview of the annual number of entries of foreign citizens who immigrate legally and permanently to France. Our calculations are based on data from the central database of residence permits (AGDREF) of the Ministry of the Interior. These immigration flow statistics consider only foreign nationals who are required to obtain a residence permit, and thus exclude citizens of the European Union. In line with international recommendations, only permits valid for more than one year are taken into account.
    Immigration flows by sex and age in 2015
    Immigration flows by continent of origin
    Immigration flows by reasons for admission
    Immigrants and foreigners
    Population censuses provide an opportunity to count the number of inhabitants who were born outside France. Among foreign-born inhabitants, a distinction is generally made between persons born with French nationality and immigrants, who are born with a different nationality. Inhabitants are distinguished by their nationality, i.e. French or foreign and, among French citizens, those who were born French and those who have been naturalized. The census provides information on current nationality and nationality at birth. Foreigners and immigrants form two different categories. Immigrants "born abroad as a foreign national" may still be foreigners at the time of the census or may have become French. Foreigners, for their part, may have been born abroad (in which case they are immigrants) or in France (in which case they are not immigrants).
    Immigrant and foreign population
    Immigrants by country of birth
  - European and developed countries
    This section provides data tables on populations, births and deaths in Europe and in developed countries. It also includes indicators of population change (birth and death rates) and the two main demographic indicators: the total fertility rate and life expectancy at birth.
    Population, births, deaths
    Births, deaths and infant mortality
    Total fertility rate
    Life expectancy at birth
  - All countries
  - Detailed data
    Here you can access databases constructed by INED researchers on developed countries and mortality in France, the Life table database developed by the Max Planck Institute, the University of California at Berkeley and INED, and the database of the Generations and Gender European survey programme (GGP).
    Developed Countries Demography
    Contextual Database GGP
    Human life table
    The LawsAndFamilies Database
    Human Mortality Database
    Causes of death in France from 1925 to 1999
    Mortality and migration France 1806-1906
- Graphs and maps
  An atlas, interactive maps, an animated film on migrations and annotated graphs that will enable you to visualize and understand world demographic trends and the issues they involve.
- Population games
  With the population simulator and INED’s interactive games and quizzes, mastering the main concepts of demography, from projections to fertility factors, becomes (almost) child’s play.
  - World population
  - The World Population and me
  - Population quizzes
    So you think you know everything about population? Check how well you do on our quizzes.
    Are you a demographer?
    Can you rank different countries?
  - Imagining tomorrow’s population
  - Family game
- Demographic fact sheets
  Demographic fact sheets offer a brief, clear overview of current knowledge about populations.
  These materials—teaching kits, analytical notes, and interviews—summarize specific scientific questions and decipher the issues related to population questions. All of them may be used as tools for introducing students to demographic phenomena and demographic change in France and throughout the world.
- Videos

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Population 2018, n°1

Les déracinés de Cherchell

Kamel Kateb, Nacer Melhani, M’hamed Rebah

La famille à distance

sous la direction de Christophe Imbert, Eva Lelièvre et David Lessault

Population 2017, n°4

Population 2016, n°4

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Population 2018, n°1

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1939-1945. Une démographie dans la tourmente

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A majority of people would prefer to die at home, but few actually do so

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